ФРАЗОВЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ (PHRASAL VERBS)
Фразовые глаголы часто употребляют со следующими словами: on, off, in, out, up, down, away, back, over, about, round, forward, through, along. И часто смысл глагола меняется. Например:
Look! - Посмотри!
Look out! - Будь осторожен!
Вот некоторые из них:
| Глагол | Значение | Пример (подчеркнут) |
| break down | stop functioning | That old Jeep had a tendency to break down. |
| catch on | become popular | Popular songs seem to catch on in California first. |
| come back | return to a place | We will never come back to this horrible place. |
| come in | enter | They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked. |
| come to | regain consciousness | He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again. |
| come over | to visit | The children promised to come over, but they never do. |
| drop by | visit without appointment | We used to just drop by, but they were never home, so we stopped doing that. |
| eat out | dine in a restaurant | When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes. |
| get by | survive | Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives. |
| get up | arise | Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her own. |
| go back | return to a place | It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Lithuania. |
| go on | continue | He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next. |
| grow up | get older | Charles grew up to be a lot like his father. |
| keep away | remain at a distance | The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his victim's home. |
| keep on (+gerund) | continue with the same | He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined. |
| pass out | lose consciousness, faint | He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk outside the bar. |
| show off | demonstrate haughtily | Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he was going to show off. |
| show up | arrive | Day after day, Efrain showed up for class twenty minutes late. |
| wake up | arouse from sleep | I woke up when the rooster (ам. петух) crowed. |
СОКРАЩЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛОВ
1. В разговорном английском языке обычно используются сокращенные формы вспомогательных глаголов. Их также часто используют и в неформальной письменной речи. При использовании сокращенной формы вместо пропущенных букв ставится апостроф ('):
| 'm = am | I'm your boss. |
| 's = is | She's my girlfriend. |
| 's = has | He's just a freak. |
| 're =are | You're all right. |
| 've = have | We've lost it! |
| 'll = will или shall | I'll be back. |
| 'd = would или had | They'd like to meet you. |
2. Сокращенные формы глаголов с частицей not:
do not = don't;
does not = doesn't;
did not = didn't;
have not = haven't;
has not = hasn't;
had not = hadn't;
cannot = can't;
could not = couldn't;
will not = won't;
shall not = shan't;
would not = wouln't;
should not = shouldn't;
must not = mustn't;
need not = needn't;
might not = mightn't (редко);
dare not = daren't (редко);
is not = isn't;
are not = aren't [a:nt];
was not = wasn't;
were not = weren't;
ain't = is not, are not (редко);
3. Некоторые из этих сокращенных форм используются после вопросительных слов:
who's = who is;
who'll = who will (или who shall);
who'd = who would, who had;
what's = what is, what has;
what'll = what will;
how's = how is, how has;
where's = where is, where has;
when's = when is;
here's = here is;
that's = that is;
that'll = that will;
there's = there is, there has;
there'll = there will.
Иногда краткие формы (особенно 's) используются после существительного:
John's coming. = John iscoming.
Her sister's's just left. = Her sister has just left.
Сокращенные формы не используются, если соответствующий глагол стоит в конце предложения:
Yes, you are. (Нельзя сказать Yes, you're.)
Do you remember how old he is? (Нельзя сказать Do you remember how old he's.)